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Lessons from Major Accident Hazards (MAH)

Balongan Refinery Fire & Explosion (Indonesia, 2021)

Fire and explosion occuring at Balongan Refinery operated by state oil company Pertamina (source: The Jakarta Post)

Fire and explosion occuring at Balongan Refinery operated by state oil company Pertamina (source: The Jakarta Post)

A brief overview of the 2021 Balongan Refinery fire and explosion in Indramayu, Indonesia, highlighting critical operational failures and key lessons learned for global industrial safety.

Incident Overview


Location: Indramayu, Indonesia

Date: 29 March 2021

Facility: Oil Refinery

Type: Fire & Explosion

Chronology

A fire occurred in a tank farm area during severe weather conditions. The fire escalated and involved multiple storage tanks.


Fact Findings

  • Fatalities: None reported directly from the event

  • Injuries: Dozens

  • Financial Impact: Hundreds of millions USD estimated

  • Production Impact: Significant refinery throughput reduction

  • Recovery Duration: Several months


Immediate Causes

Underlying Causes

  • Large hydrocarbon tank fire.

  • Escalation between storage tanks.

  • Potential ignition from lightning-related conditions.

  • Vulnerabilities in tank fire protection systems.


Key Lessons Learned

  • Strengthen tank farm fire protection.

  • Improve lightning protection systems.

  • Enhance emergency response coordination.

  • Review escalation prevention measures.

  • Maintain effective foam systems and water supply reliability.

  • Provide effective Buffer Zone between plant area and public road

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